FILOSOFÍA NOTICIAS: Queremos que estés al día de la actualidad en filosofía.
Master propio de la Universidad de Málaga en antropología del desarrollo y de las iniciativas sociales.
A mi entender, en la obra de Patricia Churchland hay aspectos que son de general consenso y que definen la neurofilosofía, mientras que hay algunos aspectos más discutibles y que no caracterizan la neurofilosofía en general. Respecto de los primeros, Churchland advierte que la neurociencia importa mucho a la filosofía, ya que los procesos mentales son uno de los temas de interés de la filosofía y, al tiempo, se relacionan con los procesos cerebrales, objeto de la neurociencia. Además la filosofía también importa a la neurociencia, puesto que la filosofía puede proporcionar una visión sinóptica de la neurociencia. Por tanto tiene sentido hablar de la neurofilosofía como una rama de la filosofía que se ocupa de la intersección de problemas entre neurociencia y filosofía. Respecto de los segundos, Churchland defiende el materialismo eliminativo, es decir, la tesis de que al coincidir los procesos mentales, objeto de la psicología, con los procesos cerebrales, objeto de la neurociencia, la psicología debe ser eliminada como disciplina científica, ya que una psicología adecuadamente desarrollada coincide con la neurociencia. Personalmente esta tesis del materialismo eliminativo no me parece aceptable y entiendo que está refutada por toda la tradición neuropsicológica, desde la obra de Donald Hebb titulada The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory (1949), ya que reiteradamente se comprueba que el nivel de las funciones psicológicas es diferente del nivel de los soportes neuronales.
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775–1854) is, along with J.G. Fichte and G.W.F. Hegel, one of the three most influential thinkers in the tradition of ‘German Idealism’. Although he is often regarded as a philosophical Proteus who changed his conception so radically and so often that it is hard to attribute one clear philosophical conception to him, Schelling was in fact often an impressively rigorous logical thinker. In the era during which Schelling was writing, so much was changing in philosophy that a stable, fixed point of view was as likely to lead to a failure to grasp important new developments as it was to lead to a defensible philosophical system. Schelling's continuing importance today relates mainly to three aspects of his work. The first is his Naturphilosophie, which, although its empirical claims are largely indefensible, opens up the possibility of a modern hermeneutic view of nature that does not restrict nature's significance to what can be established about it in scientific terms. The second is his anti-Cartesian account of subjectivity, which prefigures some of the best ideas of thinkers like Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Jacques Lacan, in showing how the thinking subject cannot be fully transparent to itself. The third is his later critique of Hegelian Idealism, which influenced Kierkegaard, Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and others, and aspects of which are still echoed in contemporary thought by thinkers like Jacques Derrida.
According to Kant, in the “Preface” to the Critique of Pure Reason (2nd ed), Wolff is “the greatest of all dogmatic philosophers.” Wolff's “strict method” in science, Kant explains, is predicated on “the regular ascertainment of principles, the clear determination of concepts, the attempt at strictness in proofs, and the prevention of audacious leaps in inferences” (Kant, 1998, 120). Like many other philosophers of the Modern period, such as Descartes, Hobbes, and Spinoza, Wolff believed the method of mathematics, if properly applied, could be used to expand other areas of human knowledge. Perhaps more so than any of his contemporaries, Wolff took this style of exposition to an extreme. A familiar criticism of Wolff, even in his own lifetime, is that his works are long-winded and often involve overly complicated demonstrations. Arguably, Wolff's most direct impact on the history of western philosophy resides not in any one of his own particular works, but rather on the influence he had on the German undergraduate university curriculum. The more notable beneficiaries of the Wolffian systematization of philosophy include the early Kant, Alexander Baumgarten (1714-1762), Samuel Formey (1711-1797), Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700-1766), Martin Knutzen (1713-1751), Georg Friedrich Meier (1718-1777), and Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786).
After his studies at Trinity College, Cambridge and Gray's Inn, London, Bacon did not take up a post at a university, but instead tried to start a political career. Although his efforts were not crowned with success during the era of Queen Elizabeth, under James I he rose to the highest political office, Lord Chancellor. Bacon's international fame and influence spread during his last years, when he was able to focus his energies exclusively on his philosophical work, and even more so after his death, when English scientists of the Boyle circle (Invisible College) took up his idea of a cooperative research institution in their plans and preparations for establishing the Royal Society.
La doctrina de Comte concentra toda su fuerza en la ley de los tres estadios del pensamiento, formulada ya en las obras de juventud. Él mismo consideraba que su descubrimiento más importante era esta “ley fundamental” del progreso científico, cultural y social, que describía también la evolución del pensamiento humano individual. En ella se contiene su crítica a la religión y a la metafísica, y la declaración de su positivismo. Como consecuencia de esta ley propone un nuevo sistema de las ciencias.Gilles Deleuze (París, 18 de enero de 1925 - París, 4 de noviembre de 1995) fue un filósofo francés, considerado entre los más importantes e influyentes del siglo XX.
